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THE  OUTLOOK  BEFORE  THE  YOUNG  MAN 
OF  TODAY. 

In  October,  1897,  the  Minneapolis  Journal  solicited  and  obtained  the 
following  six  articles  on  “The  Outlook  Before  the  Young  Man  of  To¬ 
day,”  from  men  whom  they  considered  best  qualified  to  advise  and  coun¬ 
sel  along  the  lines  that  would  be  most  interesting  and  advantageous  to 
young  men.  The  last  of  the  five  articles  were  secured  December  12, 
and  upon  the  13th,  the  first  one,  that  of  Mr.  T.  B.  Walker,  was  published 
in  the  Journal  of  that  date.  The  following  day  that  of  Dr.  Cyrus  North¬ 
rop,  President  of  the  University  of  Minnesota,  was  published;  on  the 
15th,  the  one  written  by  Hon.  P.  M.  Ringdal;  on  the  16th  that  of  Joseph 
W.  Mauck,  late  president  of  the  University  of  South  Dakota;  on  the  17th 
the  one  by  Rev.  James  M.  Cleary;  and  on  the  18th  that  by  President 
Webster  Merrifield,  University  of  North  Dakota. 

As  they  were  regarded  as  being  of  much  importance  and  value  to 
young  men,  as  well  as  to  many  of  more  advanced  years,  and  interesting 
to  all  readers,  they  have  been  put  into  this  pamphlet  form  for  distribu¬ 
tion  in  such  ways  and  manner  as  would  seem  to  be  of  greatest  advantage 
and  value,  especially  to  young  men. 


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MONDAY,  DECEMBER  13th,  1897. 

THE  OUTLOOK  BEFORE  THE  YOUNG  MAN 
OF  TODAY. 

By  T.  B.  Walker. 


In  comparing  the  opportunities  and  chances  for  success  at  the  pres¬ 
ent  time  with  those  of  the  past,  it  will  be  necessary  to  eliminate  from 
consideration  the  temporary  effects  of  the  depression  and  panicky  con¬ 
ditions  that  have  existed  since  1893,  but  from  which  we  are  now  slowly 
but,  it  is  believed,  surely  emerging. 

The  question  of  the  prospects  in  the  present  time  for  a  successful 
life,  would  mean  the  consideration  of  the  conditions  now  as  compared 
with  the  past,  in  enabling  a  young  man  to  succeed  in  gaining  a  compe¬ 
tency,  a  good  position  and  name  amongst  his  fellow  men,  establishing  a 
satisfactory  and  pleasant  home,  and,  I  would  add  most  of  all,  in  living 
a  life  that,  when  it  closes,  may  enable  its  possessor  to  go,  confidently 
trusting  in  a  higher  and  better  life  beyond. 

Success  does  not  in  any  great  degree  involve  the  necessity  for  ac¬ 
cumulating  a  large  fortune,  or  occupying  a  prominent  position  in  the 
world.  These  may,  either  one,  be  included  or  excluded.  A  broad,  liberal, 
intelligent  citizen,  who  may  honorably  acquire,  and  who  will  use  a  for¬ 
tune  for  the  benefit  of  his  fellow  citizens,  conjointly  with  rearing  and 
.  training  a  family  in  right  living  and  in  usefulness  to  the  world,  may  make 
of  it  a  most  desirable  possession;  but  when  acquired  by  doubtful  meth¬ 
ods,  or  used  for  personal  display  and  vanity  for  self  or  family,  it  becomes 
a  misfortune  to  the  person  and  to  the  community. 

»  A  prominent  name  and  position  may  aid  greatly,  or  but  little,  if  any, 

in  a  successful  life.  But,  as  a  general  rule,  a  conspicuous  position,  brings 
with  it  a  considerable  prejudice  on  the  part  of  the  general  public,  and  is 
full  more  likely  to  lead  to  annoyance  and  bring  disappointment  and 
weariness  of  life  and  an  indifference  or  dislike  to  our  fellow  men.  For, 
although  all  are  striving  to  become  conspicuous  and  to  acquire  great 
wealth,  yet  those  who  are  successful  in  reaching  such  positions,  carry 
with  them  the  prejudice,  and  to  some  extent  the  ill-will  of  their  fellow 


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men  who  have  not  so  well  succeeded  in  their  efforts — unless  the  promi¬ 
nence  is  owing  to  the  commonly  conceded  usefulness  on  which  it  is 
based,  or  the  wealth  used  especially  and  particularly  for  the  benefit  of 
society. 

In  all  times  in  the  past,  as  well  as  the  present,  the  real  key  to  a  suc¬ 
cessful,  prosperous  life  has  been  incessant  industry,  integrity,  and  trust¬ 
worthiness,  an  educated,  accurate  judgment,  and  studious  and  close  at¬ 
tention  to  work  or  business  entrusted  to  us.  The  possessors  of  these 
qualities  in  a  large  degree  have  been  relatively  scarce.  Men  may  possess 
some  good  elements  of  character,  but  be  defective  in  some  one  or  an¬ 
other.  Some  are  able  to  understand  the  theory  of  prudence,  honesty 
and  integrity  in  ordinary  times  and  under  ordinary  conditions,  but  when 
put  to  the  test  they  prove  unable  to  withstand  the  strain  of  temptation 
and  in  such  times,  destroy  the  prospects  for  a  successful  life. 

The  demand  for  a  higher  order  of  talent,  judgment,  integrity  and 
experience,  is  greater  than  ever,  and  is  constantly  increasing.  To  meet 
this  demand  there  is  an  increasing  supply  of  capable  men  to  take  their 
places.  But  the  demand  outstrips  the  supply,  and  always  has  and  always 
will. 

The  opportunities  for  advancement  and  success  have  steadily  in¬ 
creased  in  numbers  as  well  as  in  value  with  the  growth  and  development 
in  science,  art  and  social  conditions,  and  the  improved  business  methods 
of  the  world.  It  is  equally  true  that  the  competition  has  also  multiplied 
nearly  in  proportion  to  the  opportunities.  The  universal  extension  of 
the  means  of  education  through  the  public  schools,  colleges  and  libraries, 
the  vast  spread  of  general  intelligence,  literature  and  science,  through 
the  agency  of  the  press,  the  wonderful  cheapness  of  books,  periodical 
literature  and  the  newspapers,  all  these  surround  the  young  men  of  today 
with  opportunities  of  becoming  intelligent,  in  advance  of  all  previous 
times,  and  enable  them  to  acquire  an  education  proportional  to  their 
ability  and  industry. 

The  industrial  progress  coming  more  especially  from  the  develop¬ 
ment  of  steam  power,  that  has  increased  the  productive  forces  more 
than  a  thousand  per  cent,  has  also  increased  the  spirit  of  energy  and 
activity,  and  the  opportunities  for  advancement  and  success.  - 

The  care  and  responsibility  devolving  upon  men  is  becoming  greater 
and  greater  with  the  increased  concentration  of  business  interests  in 
larger  establishments,  and  in  the  handling  of  complicated  transactions 
where  larger  interests  are  at  stake.  Integrity,  industry,  experience  and 
judgment  are  coming  to  be  in  greater  and  greater  demand.  We  fre¬ 
quently  hear  from  men  who  draw  hasty  conclusions — largely  on  the 
part  of  the  political  agitators — that  in  these  times  there  is  a  greater  lack 
of  moral  stamina,  integrity,  and  reliability  in  business  life  than  in  former 
years.  This  statement  is  entirely  unwarranted  when  we  compare  the 
recent  with  former  times  of  panic  and  depression.  There  has  not  been 
a  time  in  the  earlier  experience  of  the  world  when  such  great  business 
integrity  and  trustworthiness  has  been  exhibited  under  similar  condi¬ 
tions  as  in  recent  years.  Amongst  the  men  who  supervise  the  larger 


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business  interests  through  the  country  and  the  world  this  principle  of 
industry,  and  the  performance  of  contracts  and  obligations  has  become 
more  marked  and  general.  And  in  the  handling  of  large  business  con¬ 
cerns  through  the  agency  of  a  multitude  of  different  individuals  having 
trusts  and  responsibilities  that  they  can  betray,  there  is  but  a  very 
small  percentage  of  those  holding  trusts  who,  even  under  extraordinary 
temptations,  betray  the  trust  placed  in  their  hands.  It  is  true  that  in 
the  vast  spread  of  news  over  the  continent  from  every  corner  of  this 
country  and  Europe,  we  hear  of  defalcations  and  betrayals  of  trust  here 
and  there;  but  put  them  together  and  see  what  percentage  of  the  vast 
interests  entrusted  to  individuals  has  been  betrayed.  And  remember, 
too,  that  we  stand  in  these  times  and  see  and  know  the  things  that  are 
around  us  while  the  past  is  obscure  and  its  unreliability  covered  from 
our  sight. 

Most  of  the  positions  of  trust  are  filled  by  those  who  began  as  boys 
or  young  men  in  the  capacity  of  common  workmen,  counter-hoppers  or 
clerks.  Their  progress  has  been  owing  to  the  closely  observed  honesty, 
integrity  and  industry  which  they  have  exhibited.  The  great  majority 
of  all  prominent  positions  has  been  gained  by  traveling  one  step  after 
another  through  the  routine  and  often  wearisome  work  and  care  in  dis¬ 
charging  faithfully  and  satisfactorily  the  duties  and  obligations  assigned 
to  or  assumed  by  them. 

There  is  less  risk  of  failure,  poverty  and  physical  and  moral  ruin 
on  the  farm  than  in  the  city.  There  are  more  chances  for  a  comfortable 
living — an  equal  chance  for  the  use  of  energy  and  ability,  and  to  study 
out  improved  methods  in  cultivating  the  soil  as  in  any  other  occupation. 

To  him  who  chooses  mechanical  work,  learns  a  trade  and  becomes  a 
skilled  workman,  a  close  careful  attention  to  the  work  entrusted,  and  a 
constant  effort  in  every  way  to  promote  the  interest  of  the  employer,  and 
a  continual  study  through  books  and  personal  thought  of  all  the  prin¬ 
ciples  and  methods  that  pertain  to  the  business,  will  bring  increased 
pay,  better  standing,  and  in  the  end,  if  rightly  managed  an  interest  in 
or 'an  ownership  of  the  business,  and  a  competency  and  place  among 
the  most  respected. 

The  same  principles  will  apply  to  trade  or  the  professions.  Success 
will  come  out  of  the  same  usefulness  and  reliability.  Strikes  and  trouble¬ 
making  between  the  employe  and  employer  always  lead  to  suspicion  and 
„  ill-will,  and  to  the  ultimate  disadvantage  of  both  parties.  The  key  to  suc¬ 
cess  and  a  pleasant  life  is  peace  and  good  will  to  one  another.  Contests 
may  put  one  side  apparently  at  a  temporary  advantage,  but  for  a  life- 
work,  peaceful  methods  of  usefulness  and  reliability  will  win.  But  what- 
*  ever  choice  is  made,  whether  a  farmer,  mechanic,  merchant  professional 
man,  or  laborer  in  any  field,  an  honest,  upright  and  faithful,  trusty  life 
of  industry  and  constant  study  to  improve  and  become  more  and  more 
nearly  perfect  in  our  life  work,  will  bring  a  larger  return  of  compensa¬ 
tion  to  those  who  so  work  and  continue  to  work. 

Of  the  young  men  who  are  coming  on  to  take  their  places  as  citizens 
in  the  commonwealth,  comparatively  few  can  occupy  high  positions, 


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great  influence  and  wealth.  But  all  of  them,  barring  the  comparatively 
few  who  are  most  unfortunate  in  their  mental  or  physical  constitution, 
can  become  to  a  reasonable  or  considerable  extent  successful  and  pros¬ 
perous. 

Present  conditions  require  greater  activity,  mental  and  physical  than 
earlier  times.  Those  who  are  willing  to  meet  the  requirements  will  be 
in  general  compensated  in  proportion  to  the  measure  of  usefulness. 
But  those  who  are  not  willing  to  meet  the  requirements  should  desire 
and  expect  the  compensation  to  go  to  those  who  do  the  successful 
work. 

The  great  industrial  progress  and  increased  activity  in  every  field 
of  labor,  mental  and  physical,  and  the  great  accumulations  of  wealth  and 
its  increased  production  or  creation,  brings  a  greater  demand  for  every 
first-class  helper,  and  an  enlarged  compensation  for  his  services.  This 
compensation,  either  as  wages,  salary  or  profits,  includes  as  a  further 
return,  a  reputation  and  position  in  the  community  in  proportion  to  the 
usefulness  and  ability. 

No  former  age  has  been  so  replete  with  opportunities  and  chances 
for  development  of  character  and  openings  for  first-class  ability  and 
industry  as  the  present  age.  And  these  conditions  will,  from  present 
and  past  indications,  improve  for  the  next  fifteen  to  twenty  years.  Then 
will  come  another  period  of  political  demagogery,  that  will,  through  ap¬ 
peals  to  prejudice  and  hatred,  bring  another  period  of  financial  storms, 
business  wrecking  and  hard  times.  This  will,  in  all  probability,  bring 
more  revolutionary  commotions  than  the  last  break  in  1893 — from  the 
campaign  and  election  of  1892.  But  the  country  will,  in  all  probability, 
go  through  the  next  crash,  and  very  likely  the  second  one  twenty  years 
later  without  breaking  or  paralyzing  our  government,  or  bringing  political 
or  social  ruin  to  the  commonwealth.  But  how  many  more  than  two  pe¬ 
riods  of  panic  the  nation  will  pass  without  wreckage,  the  drift  of  events 
in  the  last  fifty  years  and  the  history  of  the  past  ages  and  nations  make 
very  dangerously  problematic.  Unless  a  better  feeling  is  established  be¬ 
tween  labor  and  capital,  and  between  poverty  and  wealth,  and  demagogy 
is  made  more  odious  and  less  temporarily  successful,  and  a  more  char¬ 
itable  and  just  feeling  between  the  different  classes  is  cultivated  and  be¬ 
comes  general,  the  demoralization  and  ruin  for  poor  and  rich  will  come, 
and  may  come  as  early  as  the  most  pessimistic  have  prophesied. 

Let  this  generation  be  fair,  and  considerate  for  the  welfare  of  coming 
generations,  and  transmit  to  them  the  blessings  of  free  government  and 
good-will  among  the  different  classes  of  our  people;  so  that  prejudice 
and  hatred  may  not,  as  it  has  done  so  often  in  the  past  with  other 
nations,  bring  ruin  to  this,  the  best  government  ever  established. 


Thomas  Barlow  Walker,  upon  the  death  of  his  father,  was  thrown 
upon  his  own  resources  while  yet  a  mere  lad,  and  his  boyhood  was  a 
hard  struggle  with  poverty.  He  had  a  taste  for  study,  however,  and, 
notwithstanding  the  disadvantages  under  which  he  labored,  managed 
to  acquire  an  excellent  education.  He  came  west  from  his  home  a-t 


6 


Xenia,  Ohio,  at  the  age  of  19,  finding  employment  in  Illinois  as  a  travel¬ 
ing  salesman,  in  Wisconsin  as  assistant  professor  of  mathematics  in 
the  state  university,  and  in  the  government  survey  in  Iowa.  Attracted 
by  the  reports  of  the  advantages  offered  to  youth  and  enterprise  at 
the  then  young  but  thriving  town  of  Minneapolis,  he  came  to  this  city 
in  the  early  60’s  and  has  ever  since  been  a  leading  factor  in  the  develop¬ 
ment  of  the  interests  of  this  city,  commercial,  industrial,  educational  and 
moral.  What  he  has  to  say  to  the  young  men  of  today  comes  from  the 
experience  of  one  who  commenced  at  the  bottom  of  the  ladder,  and  by 
industry,  integrity,  self-reliance  and  courage,  has  won  fortune  and  a  good 
name.  It  is  the  testimony  of  such  men  to  which  the  rising  generation 
should  give  attention. 


TUESDAY,  DECEMBER  14th,  1897. 

THE  OUTLOOK  BEFORE  THE  YOUNG  MAN 

OF  TODAY. 

By  President  Cyrus  Northrop. 

The  outlook  for  the  young  man  of  today  depends  very  largely  upon 
the  general  prosperity  of  the  country;  and  we  all  have  reason  to  know 
that  the  clouds  have  been  over  us  for  many  months  past  and  that  they 
are  very  slow  in  lifting.  But  even  these  clouds  will  disappear  after  a 
time  and  the  natural  condition  of  things,  a  wholesome  demand  for  labor 
in  all  branches  of  industry,  will  be  restored. 

Even  as  things  are  now,  the  outlook  for  the  educated  young  man  in 
this  part  of  the  world  is  very  encouraging.  Minnesota  has  a  system 
of  public  education  not  surpassed  by  that  of  any  state  in  the  union. 
Free  education  is  offered  to  all,  and  this  education  extends  from  the 
primary  school  to  graduate  work  in  the  university.  As  a  consequence, 
a  larger  number  of  young  men  in  proportion  to  the  population  in  Minne¬ 
sota  are  securing  an  education  than  in  almost  any  other  state.  A  large 
number  of  the  graduates  of  colleges  have  in  the  past  found  employ¬ 
ment  as  teachers,  at  least  for  a  time,  and  that  most  useful  occupation  still 
furnishes  employment  to  the  larger  number  of  graduates  immediately 
after  leaving  the  university;  and  every  year  the  demand  for  teachers  in¬ 
creases,  and  more  and  more  the  demand  is  for  teachers  who  have  had 
university  training.  A  hundred  high  schools,  a  hundred  graded  schools 
seeking  to  become  high  schools,  in  Minnesota  every  year  stretch  out 
their  hands  to  welcome  the  university  graduate  to  most  serviceable  work, 
and  to  comfortable  remuneration. 

All  along  the  lines  of  our  railroads  villages  are  springing  up  and 

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towns  are  growing,  and  the  number  of  men  needed  as  teachers  is  con¬ 
stantly  increasing,  to  say  nothing  of  the  opportunities  offered  for  men 
of  other  professions.  Practically  “this  part  of  the  world”  stretches  to 
the  Pacific.  Already  calls  for  young  men  to  carry  on  the  work  of  educa¬ 
tion  come  to  Minnesota  from  all  the  states  west  of  us. 

Facts  are  sometimes  instructive.  The  present  year,  preceded  as  it 
has  been  by  years  of  business  depression,  is  undoubtedly  as  hard  in  its 
bearing  on  the  young  man’s  outlook  as  any  year  we  have  had.  It  is  in¬ 
teresting  to  note  the  following  facts,  showing  what  the  graduates  of  the 
classes  of  ’95  and  ’96  of  the  college  of  science,  literature  and  arts  in  the 
university  are  now  doing. 

The  whole  number  of  students  in  the  classes  was  197.  Of  these 
eighty-six  are  now  teaching;  twenty-three  are  now  studying  law;  eight 
are  studying  theology;  fifteen  are  studying  medicine;  sixteen  are  taking 
graduate  work  in  the  university;  twenty-two  are  in  business  and  journal¬ 
ism.  The  occupation  of  twenty-seven  is  not  known. 

Of  the  forty  who  took  degrees  in  the  college  of  engineering,  all  but 
three  or  four  are  engaged  in  various  branches  of  engineering  work. 

Of  the  classes  which  have  completed  the  course  of  study  in  the 
school  of  agriculture,  nearly  every  man  has  returned  to  the  farm,  and 
has  found  that  a  good  agricultural  education  is  a  great  help  to  success¬ 
ful  and  profitable  farming. 

The  northwest  is  rich  in  resources  that  as  yet  are  undeveloped.  The 
time  was  when  it  was  supposed  that  agriculture  could  be  carried  on 
here  only  to  a  very  limited  extent;  but  it  is  now  certain  that  diversified 
farming  can  be  made  as  profitable  in  Minnesota  as  elsewhere.  No  prod¬ 
ucts  command  a  surer  market  than  good  butter  and  cheese,  and  these 
can  be  produced  in  Minnesota  as  well  as  anywhere,  and  already  this 
industry  in  the  state  is  a  commanding  one.  For  the  young  man  trained 
properly  in  agriculture,  with  cheap  lands  obtainable,  the  outlook  in  this 
part  of  the  country  is  as  bright  as  need  be,  if  he  will  make  the  most  of 
his  opportunities  and  become  a  producer  of  what  all  the  world  wants. 
On  the  other  hand,  if  he  persists  in  trying  to  be  a  clerk,  or  an  insurance 
agent,  or  a  real  estate  or  a  loan  agent,  he  will  find  the  field  fully  occu¬ 
pied,  with  little  prospect  of  an  opening  for  him. 

No  matter  what  business  a  young  man  engages  in,  he  must  be  ener¬ 
getic  and  faithful,  if  he  would  succeed.  If  he  is  a  merchant,  he  must 
keep  a  good  stock,  be  willing  to  sell  it  at  a  reasonable  profit,  and  let 
people  know  what  he  can  do  for  them.  I  know  of  a  young  firm  that 
established  itself  in  a  country  town  in  mercantile  business.  There  were 
nine  other  stores  already  competing  for  custom.  At  the  end  of  two 
years  the  wholesale  dealers  were  selling  to  the  young  firm  more  goods 
than  to  all  the  other  nine.  The  young  men  in  the  firm  were  active,  wide¬ 
awake,  obliging,  up-to-date  in  all  respects,  and  peoole  soon  found  out 
that  it  was  worth  while  to  trade  with  them,  and  they  did. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  here,  as  everywhere,  the  young  man  who 
would  succeed  must  push  himself  to  the  front,  if  he  would  get  there. 
The  world  is  not  hunting  for  young  men  just  now.  There  is  an  abun- 


8 


dance  of  them.  But  the  world  still  needs  and  will  use  the  services  of  all 
who  are  really  capable  and  efficient.  Those  who  are  not,  must  join  the 
gfeat  army  of  unskilled  labor  and  compete  with  it  for  wages. 

The  professions  are  said  to  be  overcrowded.  Undoubtedly  they  are 
in  most  of  the  cities.  But  there  are  many  large  districts  that  as  yet  have 
no  good  doctor,  and  the  additions  yearly  to  the  members  of  the  bar  do 
not  exceed  very  much  the  removals  by  death  and  change  of  occupation. 
There  is  for  members  of  the  legal  profession  still  a  large  opportunity  to 
“go  west  and  grow  up  with  the  country.”  We  need  more  manufac¬ 
tories.  These,  if  wisely  established,  would  help  greatly  to  maintain  a 
large  population  in  comfort,  summer  and  winter  alike.  At  present  too 
large  a  part  of  our  energies  are  expended  in  summer  and  there  is  too 
much  of  enforced  rest  in  winter.  Doubtless  time  will  make  this  all  right, 
though  the  present  manifest  tendency  to  consolidation  in  manufacturing 
enterprises  is  likely  to  prevent  the  dissemination  of  such  enterprises 
through  all  parts  of  the  country  to  as  great  an  extent  as  has  been  usual 
in  the  past.  This  is  undoubtedly  to  be  regretted.  But  it  remains  to  be 
seen  whether  the  ultimate  result  of  this  tendency  will  be  for  good  or 
evil.  Certainly  the  large  diminution  of  independent,  self-reliant,  con¬ 
ductors  of  business  and  the  substitution  therefor  of  a  few  business  bosses, 
with  a  host  of  subordinates  who  simply  obey  orders,  is  not  likely  to 
add  to  the  character  of  our  citizenship  nor  to  brighten  the  outlook  for 
young  men  in  this  or  any  other  part  of  the  country.  But  the  business 
world  is  in  a  state  of  transition,  and  no  one  can  foretell  the  result. 
Let  us  hope  that  the  intelligence,  good  sense  and  patriotism  of  our 
people  may  be  equal  to  the  emergency,  and  that  out  of  what  now  seems 
fraught  with  so  much  calamity  may  be  evolved  new  methods  that  shall 
contribute  to  the  general  prosperity,  and  give  to  every  man  at  least  a  fair 
chance  of  earning  an  honest  living. 

I  confess  I  do  not  now  see  how  this  is  to  be  brought  about.  But 
dark  days  have  been  followed  by  sunshine  before  now,  and  I  do  not  doubt 
that  they  will  be  hereafter. 

President  Cyrus  Northrop,  of  the  State  University,  is  so  closely 
in  sympathy  with  the  aims  and  hopes  and  ambitions  of  the  hundreds  of 
young  men  who  come  directly  under  his  influence  each  year  as  students 
of  the  university,  that  what  he  has  to  say  with  regard  to  the  outlook 
before  the  young  man  of  today  in  this  part  of  the  world  will  be  listened 
to  with  peculiar  interest.  President  Northrop  has  devoted  his  life  to 
the  young  man.  He  is  the  leading  educator  of  the  Northwest,  and  one 
of  the  foremost  of  his  profession  in  the  country.  He  has  had  the  satis¬ 
faction  of  seeing  the  University  of  Minnesota  grow  in  attendance  since 
his  election  as  president  in  1884,  from  less  than  300  to  nearly  3,000 
students,  while  at  the  same  time  the  scope  of  its  work  has  broadened  and 
the  quality  elevated  until  it  now  ranks  among  the  first  in  the  country,  not 
only  in  the  point  of  attendance,  but  in  equipment  and  the  character 
of  the  educational  work  done.  Cyrus  Northrop  was  a  farmer  boy  in 
Connecticut  sixty  years  ago,  and,  after  a  course  of  study,  beginning  with 
the  common  schools,  passing  through  the  Ridgefield  Academy,  one  of 

9 


those  institutions  whose  elimination  from  the  educational  system  of  the 
country  is  much  to  be  regretted,  through  the  Williston  Seminary,  Yale 
College  and  the  law  school,  he  had  prepared  for  and  expected  to  be  a 
lawyer,  but  a  deep  interest  in  public  affairs,  and  active  participation  in 
the  famous  Lincoln  campaign  of  1860,  made  him  assistant  clerk  of  the 
Connecticut  house  of  representatives,  and  subsequently  clerk  of  the 
senate,  and  in  1862  editor  of  the  New  Haven  Palladium.  Subsequently 
he  returned  to  the  chair  of  rhetoric  and  English  literature  in  Yale,  which 
position  he  held  for  nineteen  years,  or  until  1884,  when  he  was  called 
to  the  presidency  of  the  University  of  Minnesota. 


WEDNESDAY,  DECEMBER  15th,  1897. 

THE  OUTLOOK  BEFORE  THE  YOUNG  MAN 
OF  TODAY 


By  Hon.  P.  M.  Ringdal. 

Social  changes  have  always  moved  in  cycles.  Periods  of  progress 
and  of  stagnation  have  relieved  one  another  in  endless  succession.  In¬ 
tellectual  activity  has  been  followed  by  intellectual  indolence;  moral 
regeneration  by  moral  decay;  material  wealth  and  prosperity  by  poverty 
and  squalor.  Seldom  has  great  intellectual  and  moral  activity  existed 
side  by  side  with  universal  material  prosperity.  The  latter  has  often 
come  as  a  result  of  the  former,  frequently  as  their  destroyer.  But  mate¬ 
rial  prosperity  without  moral  rectitude  soon  wreaks  its  own  ruin.  Re¬ 
turning  poverty  again  stimulates  the  moral  and  intellectual  forces  and 
the  process  is  repeated. 

To  measure  the  outlook  before  the  young  man  in  the  northwest 
today,  it  is  well  to  know  the  conditions  that  have  preceded  the  present, 
as  well  as  those  that  now  obtain. 

Hitherto  its  development  has  partaken  largely  of  the  nature  of  ex¬ 
ploitation.  Many  have  been  able  to  enjoy  luxuries  without  great  exer¬ 
tion,  either  of  body  or  of  mind.  Here  nature  had  busied  herself  during 
countless  centuries  storing  up  her  riches.  In  forests  and  prairies,  in 
lakes  and  streams,  her  hoarded  wealth  eclipsed  “Eldorado.”  Then  the 
white  man  came.  He  hungered  for  land;  he  thirsted  for  position  and 
power.  Experience  in  densely  populated  countries  had  taught  him  the 
value  of  nature’s  deposits.  When  he  pushed  open  the  door  to  this 
treasure  chamber,  there  was  inaugurated  a  saturnalia  of  land-grabbing, 
with  its  attendant  manifestations.  This  was  but  natural.  “Extreme 
hunger  breeds  the  gourmand,”  and,  paradoxical  as  it  may  seem,  greed  is 
the  companion  of  satiety.  All  other  tastes  and  desires  were  lost  in,  or 


10 


mad*e  subservient  to,  the  resultant  master-passion,  “thirst  for  wealth." 

With  riches  as  the  chief  aim  and  object  of  all  men’s  efforts,  it  was 
not  strange  that  their  happiness,  their  worth,  their  social  positions,  and 
even  the  value  of  their  opinions  should  have  been  estimated  by  the 
amount  of  property  which  they  possessed.  In  this  atmosphere  the  moral 
tone  of  the  society  which  sprang  up  was  necessarily  unhealthy.  There 
was  no  distinctive  national  spirit  to  be  guided  by,  no  national  sentiment 
to  uphold.  Society  was  composed  of  a  mass  of  heterogenous  fragments 
flung  together  from  all  parts  of  the  planet.  Customs,  as  old  as  civiliza¬ 
tion,  lost  their  sanctity,  and  were  first  neglected,  then  forgotten.  All  old 
standards  failed,  partially  or  completely.  A  new  one  was  adopted,  suited 
to  the  times  and  conditions — “The  Almighty  Dollar." 

Under  this  new  standard  things  went  along  swimmingly  for  a  time. 
It  was  well  adapted  to  a  period  when  most  men  tacitly  admitted  the 
righteousness  of  the  doctrine — “Let  him  take  who  has  the  power  and 
let  him  keep  who  can." 

Under  its  regime  men,  driven  by  their  ambition  for  fame  and  social 
position,  resorted  to  many  questionable  business  methods,  in  the  hope 
of  rapidly  accumulated  riches.  Ethics  were  not  in  fashion.  The  legality 
of  an  act  was  its  justification.  Society  did  not  ask:  “How  have  you 
obtained  wealth?"  “Have  you  obtained  wealth?"  was  its  Alpha  and 
Omega;  the  answer  its  password  or  its  shibboleth. 

But  all  things  have  an  end.  The  floodtide  of  land-grabbing  is  past. 
The  social  and  commercial  bubbles  that  floated  upon  its  crest  are  burst¬ 
ing,  and  they  leave  behind  them  only  a  memory. 

Looking  back  upon  an  era  that  is  just  closing,  the  wonder  is  not 
that  the  moral  tone  was  faulty,  but  that  it  was  no  worse.  Conditions 
were  such  that  no  better  results  could  reasonably  have  been  expected. 
Worse  ones  should  not  have  surprised  us.  It  is  to  the  credit  of  human 
nature,  and  particularly  creditable  to  the  people  of  the  northwest,  com¬ 
ing  together  as  they  did  from  all  parts  of  the  world,  most  of  them  young, 
without  experience  or  social  ties,  and  subject  to  all  manner  of  tempta¬ 
tions,  that  they  should  have  retained,  as  individuals,  moral  sentiments 
immeasurably  superior  to  those  recognized  as  social  standards. 

A  new  era  is  upon  us.  Land-grabbing  is  a  thing  of  the  past.  Its 
benefits  have  departed  with  it.  But  the  evils  brought  in  its  train  are  with 
us  and  must  be  dealt  with.  This  is  the  opportunity  of  the  young  man. 
Here  there  is  work  for  him  to  do,  and  of  a  character  to  bring  out  what 
there  is  in  him.  If  he  has  bent  his  knee  to  “Baal,"  by  accepting  the  doc¬ 
trine  that  the  chief  aim  of  life  is  animal  enjoyment,  the  outlook  before 
him  is  not  bright.  If  he  feels  no  cravings  but  such  as  can  be  satisfied 
with  purchasable  commodities,  he  has  fallen  upon  evil  times.  The  day 
of  rapidly  acquired  riches  has  gone  by.  Napoleons  of  finance  are  going 
out  of  date.  Nature  has  no  more  free  gifts.  To  the  suppliant  for  them 
she  sternly  answers:  “In  the  sweat  of  thy  brow  shall  thou  eat  bread." 
“Go  west,  young  man  and  grow  up  with  the  country,"  must  give  place 
to  “Take  hold,  young  man,  and  lift  up  the  country."  This  is  not  a  time 
for  careless  ease  and  selfish  enjoyment,  but  for  earnest  purpose  and  stern 

11 


exercise  of  that  higher  egotism  born  of  the  power  to  see  that  the  welfare 
of  the  one  is  an  inseparable  part  of  the  welfare  of  the  many.  It  is  the 
seedtime  of  moral  and  intellectual  harvests  to  come.  As  the  young  man 
of  today  sows  so  shall  future  generations  reap.  Emphasis  should  be 
placed  upon  “young/’  It  is  the  “young  man’’  who  must  to  work.  His 
are  the  opportunities,  and  his  are  the  responsibilities.  The  “old  man,” 
who  has  spent  his  force  in  the  frenzied  scramble  that  we  have  witnessed, 
does  not  know  what  to  do.  He  lives  in  the  past  and  fondly  dreams  of 
the  return  of  the  “boom.”  He  used  to  conjure  forth  a  hectic  prosperity 
by  feeding  the  fire  of  greed  with  the  stored-up  vitality  of  the  centuries. 
Now  that  the  fuel  is  running  low,  he  wonders  why  the  spell  has  lost  its 
potency,  and  would,  if  left  to  himself,  consign  the  remnants  to  the  same 
limbo,  beside  mortgaging  the  future.  It  would  be  cruel  to  place  the 
present  burden  upon  his  shoulders,  if  he  were  fit  to  bear  it,  which  he  is 
not.  His  work  is  done.  He  found  the  country  a  wilderness,  inhabited 
by  savages  and  wild  beasts.  He  has  cleared  the  ground  and  made  it 
inhabitable.  In  doing  this  his  strength  has  been  exhausted.  He  has  no 
skill  in  the  real  work  of  nation-building,  which  must  now  be  done.  For 
nations  are  not  built  of  dollars.  Had  he  not  been  too  much  absorbed  in 
his  own  peculiar  vocation  to  notice  what  passed  around  him,  he  would 
have  adapted  himself  and  his  business  methods  to  the  changed  condi¬ 
tions  brought  about  by  the  rapid  development  of  the  mechanical  world. 
He  would  have  faced  the  problem  as  bravely  as  he  faced  the  savage,  had 
he  seen  it.  But  he  did  not  see  it.  He  does  not  see  it  now.  Therefore 
the  young  man  must  take  hold.  His  must  be  the  task  of  building  for  the 
nation  a  character,  in  keeping  with  its  geographical,  commercial  and 
numerical  greatness. 

But  as  a  stream  cannot  rise  above  its  source,  so  a  nation’s  character 
cannot  rise  above  the  characters  of  its  citizens.  To  this  task  let  the 
young  man  see  that  he  brings  the  requisite  capital  in  a  firm  and  lofty 
purpose,  a  pure  heart  and  clean  hands.  It  is  not  brilliancy  and  genius 
that  are  needed,  but  courage,  integrity  and  perseverance.  Let  him  begin 
the  work  of  building  the  national  character  along  these  lines,  by  making 
his  own  conform  to  them,  and  he  shall  not  only  find  work  enough  to 
do,  but  when  the  period  of  travail  is  past,  he  shall  receive  his  reward  in 
the  higher  plane  of  individual  prosperity  having  its  root  not  in  accumu¬ 
lated  property,  which  the  first  blast  of  adversity  blows  away,  but  in 
the  security  and  permanency  of  a  nation  whose  foundation  shall  be  laid 
on  the  eternal  rock,  and  whose  superstructure  shall  be  a  refuge  for  the 
oppressed  and  the  pride  of  all  honest  men.  This,  the  prospect  before 
the  young  man  of  ’97,  has  seldom  been  equalled,  and  never  surpassed. 
And  it  is  in  the  northwest  that  the  field  gives  the  greatest  promise  of 
a  hundredfold  return. 

P.  M.  Ringdal  is  a  resident  of  Crookston,  and  represents  the  old 
fifty-fifth  legislative  district  in  the  state  senate,  having  been  elected  as  a 
populist  in  1894.  His  occupation  is  that  of  a  marble  worker.  He  writes 
from  the  standpoint  of  a  man  in  the  ranks  of  the  industrial  workers  of 
the  state.  He  was  born  in  Goodhue  county  and  educated  in  the  common 


12 


schools.  At  the  age  of  19  he  became  an  employe  of  the  Chicago  & 
North-Western  Railway  Company  as  a  telegraph  operator.  He  continued 
in  that  service  until  1889,  when  he  went  into  the  marble  business  in 
Crookston.  He  maintained  a  high  place  in  the  confidence  and  regard 
of  his  fellow  members  of  the  senate  regardless  of  party  relations. 


THURSDAY,  DECEMBER  16,  1897. 

THE  OUTLOOK  BEFORE  THE  YOUNG  MAN 
OF  TODAY. 

By  Joseph  W.  Mauck, 

Late  President  of  the  University  of  South  Dakota. 

Whether  it  be  true  or  not  that  the  closing  quarter  of  1897  opens  up 
unusual  prospects  aside  from  the  expected  and  measurably  realized 
revival  of  business,  the  northwest,  by  comparison  with  other  sections, 
offers  superior  attractions  at  all  times,  with  unusual  assurances  that 
the  newcomer’s  hopes  will  not  be  shattered  or  his  plans  suffer  defeat. 

Young  men  compose  so  large  a  class,  of  such  varied  aspirations,  that 
one  must  deal  with  the  broadest  of  general  statements  for  the  whole 
class,  or  limit  his  subject  so  as  to  deal  with  concrete  advantages  offered 
to  the  limited  number.  The  writer’s  present  field  of  labor  prompts  the 
choice  of  the  concrete  and  the  college  man  or  boy  as  the  class  to  be 
referred  to.  Others  may  speak  in  strong  language,  consistently  with 
entire  truth,  of  manufacturing,  lumbering  and  other  enterprises  for 
which  this  country  is  justly  celebrated,  and  treat  of  an  abundance  of 
“openings”  for  young  men  who  would  engage  in  these.  If  in  such  under¬ 
takings  one  can  find  elsewhere  a  greater  variety,  an  equal  promise  of 
success,  among  more  industrious,  intelligent,  sympathetic  and  hospitable 
people,  I  would  esteem  it  a  favor  to  have  the  place  pointed  out. 

To  the  young  man  fresh  from  college  who  has  suffered  an  impair¬ 
ment  of  nervous  and  vital  energies,  an  experience  unhappily  falling  to  too 
many  of  his  class  by  reason  of  imprudent  sedentary  habits,  the  truth  that 
tgood  health  is  a  condition  of  the  highest  success  in  any  undertaking 
comes  with  peculiar  force.  In  most  cases  the  exhilarating  climate  of  the 
northwest,  much  praised  but  not  over-praised,  can  be  safely  recommend¬ 
ed.  Aside  from  occasional  extravagance  of  misguided  or  unprincipled 
“boomers,”  this  essential  attraction  has  not  been  painted  in  too  high 
colors.  Put  all  of  the  blizzards,  cold  waves  and  hot  winds  of  an  entire 
year  into  a  thirty  days’  visit  of  an  honest  investigator  from  abroad,  and 
he  would  not  get  the  absurd  impressions  created  by  those  misinformed 

13 


or  envious  writers  for  eastern  papers  who  have  never  seen  the  west. 
Unlike  some  patent  nostrums,  our  climate  is  not  a  specific  for  all  physical 
ills,  and  is  not  indiscriminately  recommended  to  all  invalids.  It  is  not  in 
all  seasons  nicely  suited  to  all  conditions  and  temperaments.  I  believe 
that  would  not  be  claimed  for  heaven  itself.  But  taken  as  a  whole,  and 
for  all  periods  of  the  year,  what  is  called  the  northwest,  offers  a  better 
climate  and  better  health  than  any  other  corresponding  area  in  America, 
with  peculiar  benefits  to  those  afflicted  with  many  of  the  ills  incident 
to  other  climes. 

Wherever  large,  diversified  and  permanent  enterprises  of  a  material 
nature  exist,  in  manufacturing,  commerce,  transportation,  and  the  like, 
one  cannot  fail  to  find  opportunities  in  the  so-called  learned  professions. 
This  paper,  with  others,  will  clearly  imply,  if  they  do  not  describe,  the 
magnitude  of  operations  in  these  lines.  The  professions  are  consequently 
passed  with  the  observation  that  the  many  thrifty  towns  and  cities  in 
these  states  are  peculiarly  suited  to  the  young  man  who  would  avoid 
the  mistake  which  is  blasting  the  lives  of  thousands — that  of  losing  one’s 
self  in  a  large  city,  vainly  seeking  the  rank  and  honors  which  but  one  in 
a  thousand  reaches,  struggling  for  an  existence  amid  a  few  who  are 
affluent,  seldom  known,  rarely  heard  of.  The  rationally  ambitious  young 
man  engages  in  the  same  professions  in  smaller  places,  lives  with  less 
anxiety  and  strife,  more  ease,  with  a  competence,  with  a  discipline  of 
responsibility  and  “prominence,”  the  recipient  of  more  frequent  civic 
and  political  honors,  and  in  after  years  better  qualified  for  city  life,  with 
his  country  clients  behind  him,  than  his  more  short-sighted  comrade 
who  first  settled  in  the  city. 

The  very  large  class  of  college  men  who  engage  in  teaching  as  a 
profession  or  “stepping-stone,”  will  find  here  employment  at  from  fair 
to  handsome  remuneration,  under  peculiarly  favorable  professional  con¬ 
ditions.  The  liberal  provisions  made  for  education  by  the  federal  and 
state  governments,  and  the  elaborate  plans  laid  for  co-ordination  of 
schools  in  this  comparatively  new  country,  have  excited  the  wonder 
of  educators  as  they  have  examined  exhibits  at  the  great  expositions. 
The  organization  of  popular  education  from  the  alphabet  to  graduate 
course  in  great  universities  has  in  a  short  time  in  Minnesota,  Wisconsin 
and  other  states,  attained  a  development  and  effectiveness  rare  in  states 
of  twice  or  thrice  the  age.  That  perfection  has  been  reached  in  organiza¬ 
tion  or  results  is  not  claimed  or  to  be  expected;  but  broad  and  flexible 
systems,  free  from  unyielding  precedents  and  authorities,  are  the  delight 
of  men  of  progressive  pedagogical  ideas,  however  unattractive  they  may 
be  to  the  mere  routine  teacher.  As  a  class,  northwestern  educators  are 
alert  for  improvements,  careful  readers  of  educational  literature,  sup¬ 
porters  of  institutes,  clubs,  summer  schools  and  other  legitimate  expe¬ 
dients,  giving  a  ready  reception  and  hearing  to  the  man  of  new  ideas, 
scrutinizing  in  their  judgment  upon  the  same,  not  accepting  a  new  idea 
simply  because  it  is  new.  The  theorist  who  can  give  a  reason  for  his 
faith  is  heeded  and  honored;  the  man  of  fads  meets  perplexities  and  con¬ 
fusion  in  abundance. 

The  young  teacher  or  professor  need  not  fear  for  his  life  from  a 

14 


stampede  of  buffalo  herds  or  outbreaks  of  Indians.  He  will  meet  hosts 
of  peers  in  education  and  the  finer  amenities  of  life,  and  at  educational 
gatherings  will  be  thrown  into  contact  with  graduates  of  the  greatest 
universities,  introduced  to  him  by  his  familiar  Greek-letter  badge.  Bear¬ 
ers  of  literary  honors,  academic  and  graduate  degrees,  are  doing  service 
of  the  highest  order  in  village  and  city  schools,  as  well  as  in  colleges  and 
universities. 

It  is  confidently  claimed  that  northwestern  patrons  of  schools  in  all 
departments  are  peerless  in  a  union  of  popular  intelligence,  in  cheerful 
support  of  schools,  in  interest  in  their  progress,  and  in  a  progressiveness 
which  is  patient  of  experimentation  in  courses  and  instruction.  With 
this  support,  and  with  a  free  and  hospitable  social  life,  originality  in 
methods  of  instruction  and  discussion  of  the  same,  and  with  the  activity, 
robustness  and  self-reliance  of  the  student  body,  the  teacher  of  heart 
and  spirit  has  here  a  most  inviting  field  for  the  exercise  of  the  best  that 
is  in  him,  and  rare  facilities  for  making  an  enviable  pedagogical  record. 

One  with  a  special  education  bearing  upon  the  more  material  enter¬ 
prises  of  business,  or  upon  explorations  for  purely  scientific  discoveries, 
does  not  lack  for  opportunities.  Minnesota  in  particular  has  appreciated 
the  value  of  men  trained  in  college  and  university  laboratories,  and  has 
called  large  numbers  into  her  service,  while  other  states  have  been 
scarcely  second  to  her,  if  not  her  match.  Statesmen  have  learned  that 
their  employment  averts  enormous  losses  suffered  by  other  parts  of  the 
country  through  speculators  taking  up  state  lands  for  rich  deposits  known 
only  to  themselves,  as  also  from  unscientific  experiments  and  chance  in¬ 
vestments  for  development  of  resources  which  do  not  exist.  The  services 
of  college  men,  some  fresh  from  student  work  in  laboratories,  have  in 
these  directions  been  of  untold  profit  to  mining,  agriculture,  dairying 
and  the  like,  and  the  states  have  learned  that  it  abundantly  pays  to  em¬ 
ploy  them.  Private  parties  and  corporations  have  not  been  slow  to  take 
a  like  course,  and  are  with  like  profit  seeking  the  aid  of  scientists  in 
prospecting  and  in  operation  of  industries. 

Discovery  of  processes  for  reduction  of  rich  ores  heretofore  not  yield¬ 
ing  up  their  treasures,  and  of  improved  methods  in  processes  now  in  use, 
is  an  inviting  and  lucrative  object  of  endeavor  for  the  scientific  student. 
It  is  but  one  of  many.  The  operations  in  iron,  building  stone,  timber  and 
the  like,  afford  an  almost  limitless  field  for  the  original  investigator.  De¬ 
posits  of  coal  and  lignite  in  several  states,  as  yet  known  to  few,  await 
exploration  and  experimentation,  and  the  long  distance  from  the  old 
coal  fields  is  a  sufficient  hint  as  to  the  economic  importance  of  the  fuel 
,  question  and  the  substantial  certainty  of  money-making. 

The  discovery  of  artesian  basins  has  opened  a  new  and  most  interest¬ 
ing  field  for  the  geologist  and  engineer,  and  one  of  immense  possibilities. 
For  domestic  use,  for  live  stock,  fire  protection,  and  for  power,  the  water 
has  already  proved  a  great  boon,  but  unscientific  location  and  sinking 
of  wells,  and  crude  methods  of  utilization  of  the  supply  have  wrought 
a  loss  and  waste  which  will  be  disastrous  if  the  supply  should  not  prove 
to  be  inexhaustible.  Its  permanent  or  temporary  character  must  be 

15 


determined  by  intelligent  geologic  investigations,  and  its  most  profitable 
utilization  be  attained  by  expert  engineering. 

One  might  with  equal  pertinence  refer  to  varied  water  powers  to  be 
applied  to  the  generation  and  transmission  of  electricity,  to  the  demands 
for  intelligent  forestry,  to  soils  peculiarly  adapted  to  scientific  agriculture, 
and  to  other  opportunities  for  applying  the  sciences  taught  in  the  col¬ 
leges. 

The  high-minded  young  man  who  loves  science  for  truth’s  sake,  is, 
however,  not  in  the  northwest  limited  to  economic  applications  of  his 
training.  The  country  has  a  rare  wealth  of  fossiliferous  remains,  and  a 
profusion  of  those  specimens  which  are  of  such  entrancing  interest  to  the 
devotee  of  science.  The  numerous  exploring  parties  sent  out  by  societies 
and  institutions  of  learning,  are  the  strongest  of  testimony  to  the  peculiar 
scientific  interest  attaching  to  this  country,  and  their  great  collections  are 
but  suggestions  of  what  the  zealous  young  scientist  may  find.  The  coun¬ 
try  will  continue  to  afford  extraordinary  opportunities  for  the  ambitious 
man  to  make  contributions  to  science  and  win  for  himself  an  enduring 
record  in  its  literature. 


Joseph  W.  Mauck  resigned  the  presidency  of  the  University  of 
South  Dakota  on  the  first  day  of  last  October,  having  succeeded  the  late 
Professor  Olson  on  the  first  of  October,  1891.  Professor  Mauck,  who  is 
now  45  years  of  age,  spent  his  boyhood  on  an  Ohio  farm.  After  preparing 
for  college  at  the  Cheshire,  Ohio,  academy,  he  entered  Hillsdale  college 
at  Hillsdale,  Mich.,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1875.  He  took  graduate 
study  at  Johns  Hopkins  University,  and  after  a  connection  of  twenty 
years  as  a  student,  professor  and  trustee  with  Hillsdale  college,  he  spent 
eight  years  in  business  in  Chicago  and  Minneapolis  prior  to  his  election 
to  the  presidency  of  the  University  of  South  Dakota.  His  resignation 
last  October  was  offered  to  enable  him  to  return  to  business,  a  favorable 
opportunity  having  offered  itself  in  Chicago.  President  Mauck  left  a 
permanent  impression  upon  the  educational  work  of  South  Dakota,  and 
carried  the  university  through  a  season  of  serious  disturbance  and  strife 
in  the  governing  boards,  the  faculty  and  student  body.  The  task  was  a 
difficult  one,  but  was  discharged  by  him  in  such  a  way  as  to  command 
the  confidence  and  respect  of  the  people  of  the  state  in  a  very  high 
degree.  The  accompanying  article  was  written  while  Professor  Mauck 
was  still  at  the  head  of  the  South  Dakota  university. 


16 


FRIDAY,  DECEMBER  17th,  1897. 

THE  OUTLOOK  BEFORE  THE  YOUNG  MAN 
OF  TODAY. 

By  Rev.  James  M.  Cleary. 

To  Emerson,  I  believe,  the  credit  has  been  given  of  claiming  that 
America  is  but  another  name  for  opportunity.  This  country  of  ours  is 
in  very  truth  the  land  of  opportunity.  Every  man  can  be  the  architect 
of  his  own  fortune.  We  have  no  attractive  positions  that  fall  to  men 
as  a  family  inheritance.  We  have  no  traditions  that  can  hold  unde¬ 
serving  men  in  situations  of  honor  and  profit.  Every  man’s  claim  to 
success  must,  therefore,  rest  upon  his  personal  merit,  upon  his  industry, 
talent  and  integrity.  Greater,  or  better  incentives  to  honorable  ambi¬ 
tion  are  not  known  among  men.  The  man  of  sterling  worth  rejoices 
in  the  golden  opportunity  of  creating  his  own  fortune  and  of  building 
the  enduring  edifice  of  his  well-earned  fame. 

The  older  a  community  becomes,  the  more  its  members,  naturally, 
rely  on  precedents,  and  honor  traditions  that  seem  sacred  to  them. 
The  bold  innovator  is  regarded  with  some  suspicion.  In  communities 
comparatively  new,  precedents  have  no  weight,  and  traditions  are 
unknown.  What  would  seem  to  be  unpardonable  boldness  in  a  com¬ 
munity  bound  by  conservative  lines,  is  applauded  in  a  new  community, 
and  honored  as  an  evidence  of  superior  merit,  bordering  on  genius. 

Hence,  in  our  glorious  northwest,  the  opportunities  for  young  men 
of  education,  talent,  industry,  integrity  and  ambition,  are  unequalled 
in  any  part  of  the  world.  They  surpass  the  opportunities  of  older  sec¬ 
tions  of  this  country  as  far  as  these  sections  surpass  the  settled  condi¬ 
tions  of  the  old  world.  The  young  men  who  have  come  to  the  north¬ 
west  from  the  New  England  village  or  the  New  England  farm,  and 
have  passed,  by  leaps  and  bounds,  the  conservatism  of  their  sturdy  and 

•  industrious  ancestry,  and  who  have  done  so  much  in  the  development  of 
this  vast  territory,  have  simply  opened  the  way,  and  have  demonstrated 
to  the  young  men  of  this  generation  what  possibilities  are  within  their 
reach.  All  the  good  chances  are  by  no  means  pre-empted;  there  is  more 

*  room  for  genuine  ability  than  ever  before.  The  summit  of  ambition’s 
peak  is  never  overcrowded.  The  young  men  of  this  generation  enjoy 
many  advantages  over  the  early  pioneers  of  the  west,  who  surveyed 
our  prairies,  forded  the  rivers  and  followed  the  Indian’s  trail  through 
the  forest. 

The  precious  time  spent  by  the  daring  men  who  “blazed”  their  way 
to  home  and  fortune  through  the  unexplored  wilderness,  in  necessary 


17 


preparation  for  their  lifework,  can  now  be  profitably  employed  by  those 
who  reap  where  they  had  sown,  in  building  fame  and  fortune  on  foun¬ 
dations  already  well  laid.  We  have  passed  through  the  formative  stage 
of  our  western  civilization.  State,  municipal,  county  and  township  laws 
and  charters  have  all  been  well  and  carefully  established.  The  rights 
of  property  are  protected,  and  the  rights  of  the  individual  are  not  in 
danger.  Most  of  our  municipalities  and  corporations  had  no  existence 
a  generation  ago.  We  are  but  in  our  infancy.  The  young  man’s  oppor¬ 
tunity  is  right  at  our  doors.  Society  everywhere  is  undergoing  a 
change.  Our  industrial  conditions  cannot  continue  as  they  are.  Sordid 
greed  for  wealth,  the  spirit  of  invention,  and  the  restlessness  of  the 
American  people  have  combined  to  revolutionize  our  social  conditions. 
What  the  outcome  in  the  near  future  may  be,  the  wisest  prophet  cannot 
tell.  But  in  any  event,  the  safest  advantage  to  the  honest  and  indus¬ 
trious  man  must  be  found  where  nature  conceals  her  richest  treasures. 

The  fertility  of  our  soil,  the  healthfulness  of  our  climate,  are  foun¬ 
dations  of  prosperity  and  wealth  which  no  combinations  suggested  by 
selfish  greed  can  destroy.  We  cannot  long  continue  in  our  present 
anomalous  condition  in  this  country  of  witnessing  the  dangerous  con¬ 
gestion  of  wealth  in  those  sections  of  country  that  do  not  produce  it. 
The  wealth  of  a  nation  should  be  garnered  where  its  foundations  are 
laid. 

More  finished  scholarship  may  be  found  among  the  few,  in  older 
sections  of  the  country  than  we  meet  with  in  the  northwest.  But  here 
there  is  found  a  more  widely  extended  mental  activity,  and  greater 
intellectual  vigor  than  in  older  sections;  a  condition  that  gives  far 
greater  promise  for  the  country’s  general  welfare.  A  vigorous  activity 
and  dauntless  energy  characterizes  western  industry.  These  qualities 
exert  a  most  beneficial  influence  in  shaping  a  career  of  usefulness  and 
honor  for  the  professional  young  man.  In  the  sharp  attrition  of  intel¬ 
lect  all  a  young  man’s  best  possibilities  will  be  awakened,  his  faculties 
sharpened,  his  industry  challenged,  and  his  mental  powers  developed  to 
their  fullest  capacity. 

The  “sharp”  and  “smart”  young  man  has  given  the  northwest  some 
salutary  lessons  during  the  brief  period  of  his  inglorious  career.  He 
has  visited  the  northwest,  sometimes  shone  for  a  while  and  won 
admiration  for  his  ingenious  rascality.  But  his  ignominious  fall,  and 
short-lived  prosperity  have  taught  the  people  of  the  northwest  that  dis¬ 
honest  methods  do  not  pay,  and  that  honesty  and  integrity,  after  all, 
are  the  only  reliable  foundations  of  prosperity,  reputation  and  fame. 
The  juggling  trickster  with  the  rights  and  the  property  of  other  men, 
is  doomed  to  disgrace  in  the  northwest  as  well  as  in  any  other  section 
of  the  country. 

We  need,  however,  the  sharpened  intellects  of  honest  young  men 
to  expose  the  knavery  of  conscienceless  schemers.  The  honest  and 
upright  man  has  nothing  to  fear  from  the  chicanery  of  rogues.  Dis¬ 
honesty  may  seem  to  prosper  for  a  while,  but  it  is  sure  to  meet  its 
doom.  An  enlightened  public  conscience  will  reward  honesty  with 

18 


substantial  tokens  of  indorsement,  and  brand  dishonorable  trickery 
with  the  odium  it  deserves.  Young  men  of  fearless  convictions,  of  keen 
minds  and  courageous  hearts  can  find  in  the  great  northwest  the  most 
inviting  field  for  honorable  activity.  The  sluggard,  the  drone  and 
the  leach  can  find  no  welcome  in  the  northwest.  A  young  man  to  suc¬ 
ceed  must  establish  for  himself  a  safe  reputation  for  industry,  ability, 
integrity  and  honesty,  and  the  northwest  will  give  him  a  warm  wel¬ 
come,  and  in  due  time  richly  reward  him. 

Many  of  the  great  social  problems  that  engage  the  attention  of 
earnest  minds  will  find,  I  feel  confident,  their  best  solution  in  the  north¬ 
west.  Intelligent,  bright  young  men,  of  this  generation,  have  the  oppor¬ 
tunity  of  sharing  the  honors  in  solving  vexatious  problems.  They 
should  be  industrious  students  of  the  great  questions  of  the  day,  and 
fit  themselves  to  take  an  honorable  part  in  the  discussion  of  sociological 
problems.  The  important  problem  of  municipal  government  in  this 
country,  that  now  so  seriously  engages  the  attention  of  statesmen 
and  scholars,  will  find  the  best  solution  in  the  new  and  thriving  cities 
of  the  northwest. 

The  difficult  saloon  problem,  that  has  been  practically  abandoned 
in  despair  by  philanthropists  and  moralists  in  the  cities  of  England, 
and  that  disheartens  all  good  men  in  the  older  cities  of  this  country, 
will,  we  have  every  reason  to  hope,  find  its  best  solution  in  our  ambi¬ 
tious  cities  of  the  northwest.  The  metropolis  of  the  northwest,  our 
flourishing  Minneapolis,  enjoys  the  distinction  of  being  blessed  with 
the  very  best  legal  regulation  of  the  liquor  traffic  of  any  city  in  the  land. 
Our  condition  is,  of  course,  not  ideal,  and  much  remains  to  be  done  for 
the  proper  enforcement  of  existing  laws,  but  the  fact  that  such  admir¬ 
able  laws  exist  for  the  regulation  of  the  liquor  traffic  is  most  encourag¬ 
ing,  and  offers  opportunities  to  the  coming  generation  to  master  this 
great  difficulty. 

Flourishing  schools,  colleges,  academies  and  universities  in  the 
northwest  bear  abundant  testimony  to  the  zeal  of  the  people  for  the 
diffusion  of  knowledge,  and  to  the  respect  that  they  have  for  mental 
culture.  The  two  thousand  students  of  the  flourishing  university  of  the 
state  of  Minnesota,  bear  cheering  testimony  to  the  popular  demand 
for  the  diffusion  of  useful  knowledge.  The  crowded  condition  of  all 
our  schools,  public  and  private,  notwithstanding  their  generous  provi- 
^  sions  for  all,  indicate  plainly  the  hopes  centered  by  the  people  in  popu¬ 
lar  education.  Our  numerous  and  well-attended  churches  demonstrate 
that  the  people  of  the  northwest  do  not  place  unbounded  confidence  in 
the  training  of  the  mind,  but  rely  upon  the  sacred  influences  of  religion, 
,to  cultivate  the  hearts  and  the  consciences  of  its  citizens. 

No  doubt  can  be  entertained  by  the  observing  man  about  the  attrac¬ 
tive  opportunities  presented  by  the  northwest  to  ambitious,  honest, 
industrious  and  capable  young  men.  We  have  room  for  them  all,  gen¬ 
erous  rewards  for  the  deserving,  kind  encouragement  for  the  industrious, 
and  positions  of  trust  and  honor  for  the  law-abiding,  the  God-fearing 
and  the  honest. _ 

James  M.  Cleary  is  the  pastor  of  St.  Charles’  Catholic  church. 

19 


Father  Cleary  has  earned  and  enjoys  the  esteem  of  the  people  of  this 
community  in  a  very  high  degree.  To  know  him  is  to  become  his 
friend,  and  to  know  of  his  faithful  work  in  the  sacred  office  into  which 
he  has  entered  is  to  entertain  the  highest  respect  for  his  efficiency  and 
usefulness.  He  is  introduced  here  in  this  series  because  of  his  warm 
sympathy  for  young  men.  James  M.  Cleary  is  one  of  the  large  hearted, 
generous,  sympathetic  men,  whose  warm  hand  clasp  is  worth  more  to 
a  man  who  needs  sympathy  and  encouragement  than  any  man’s  dollars. 
In  his  work  as  a  pastor  he  has  always  had  his  heart  open,  and  his  eyes, 
to  opportunities  to  do  good  to  the  boys  and  young  men  who  come 
under  his  influence.  He  is  a  student  of  their  peculiar  surroundings 
and  conditions,  and  of  the  opportunities,  temptations,  the  hopes,  the 
ambitions  and  the  discouragements  which  young  men  encounter.  He 
is,  too,  a  man  of  affairs,  interested  in  the  welfare  of  the  community 
outside  the  boundaries  of  his  own  parish,  a  large  minded,  liberal,  pro¬ 
gressive  citizen,  who  discharges  his  duties  to  the  state  none  the  less 
diligently  and  faithfully  for  his  fidelity  to  those  of  the  church. 


SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  18th,  1897. 

THE  OUTLOOK  BEFORE  THE  YOUNG  MAN 
OF  TODAY. 

By  President  Webster  Merrifield,  University  of  North  Dakota. 

An  experience  of  nearly  twenty  years  in  the  training  of  young  men, 
the  larger  part  of  it  in  connection  with  the  state  university  of  one  of 
the  newer  northwestern  states,  doubtless  suggested  the  writer  to  the 
editor  of  The  Journal  as  one  who  ought  to  be  able  to  say  something 
about  “the  general  conditions  and  opportunities  which  meet  the  young 
man  of  21  in  the  northwest  today.”  I  believe  I  appreciate  the  feeling 
of  apprehension,  often  amounting  to  a  positive  dread,  with  which  the 
more  thoughtful  young  men  look  out  upon  the  busy  world  they  are  soon  * 
to  enter;  and  I  should  be  glad  if  I  might  say  something  to  allay  this 
apprehension  and,  in  some  small  degree,  to  give  purpose  and  direction 
to  the  lives  of  the  young  men  whom  I  am  addressing. 

I  may  say,  to  begin  with,  that  I  consider  the  young  men  of  the-' 
northwest  fortunate  in  the  field  of  labor  which  has  fallen  to  them.  I 
am  fairly  familiar,  from  observation,  with  most  parts  of  the  United 
States,  as  well  as  with  countries  of  western  Europe;  and  I  am  by  no 
means  insensible  to  the  attractions  offered  by  other  parts  of  the  world 
when  I  express  the  belief  that  the  northwest  of  our  own  country,  and 
particularly  Minnesota  and  the  Dakotas,  are  the  region  of  the  greatest 

20 


opportunity  for  the  young  man  starting  out  in  life  today  with  limited 
means.  My  reasons  for  this  belief  are  based  in  part  upon  the  follow¬ 
ing  considerations: 

(1)  I  know  of  no  other  region  whose  climate  is  at  once  so  health¬ 
ful  and  so  favorable  to  sustain  mental  and  physical  exertion. 

(2)  No  other  region  possesses  such  an  extent  of  cheap  land — 
much  of  it  still  open  to  homestead  entry — at  once  so  fertile,  so  easily 
cultivated  and  so  accessible  to  the  great  markets. 

(3)  The  northwest  is  exceptionally  favored  in  the  character  of  its 
population.  Composed  of  representatives  of  the  three  branches  of  the 
Teutonic  race — the  Anglo-Saxon,  Germans  and  Scandinavians,  the  great 
conquering  and  civilized  peoples  of  modern  history — the  population  of 
the  northwest  seems  likely  to  develop  the  highest  type  of  civilization 
yet  produced  in  the  world. 

(4)  To  such  a  people,  applying  itself  in  such  a  climate  to  such  a 
*soil,  exceptional  prosperity  cannot  long  remain  a  stranger.  In  this 

prosperity  the  young  man  coming  of  age  in  the  northwest  this  year 
will  be,  perforce,  a  sharer. 

4  Times  have  been  undeniably  hard  in  the  northwest  in  recent  years; 
but  not  harder,  less  hard,  in  truth,  here  than  elsewhere,  according  to 
the  testimony  alike  of  the  press,  of  travelers  and  of  industrial  and  social 
statistics.  Fortunately,  hard  times  bear  within  themselves  the  germs 
of  their  own  cure.  Perhaps  never  before  was  the  northwest  or  the 
country  at  large  living  so  generally  within  its  income.  Loan  agents 
tell  me  that  more  loans  have  been  paid  off  in  North  Dakota  in  the  last 
three  years  than  in  the  previous  ten;  while  the  excess  of  exports  over 
imports  for  the  year  1896  amounted  for  the  entire  country  to  the  enor¬ 
mous  and  unprecedented  aggregate  of  $325,000,000.  Precisely  similar 
conditions  prevailed  in  1879,  the  last  of  the  six  lean  years  following  the 
panic  of  1873,  and  ushered  in  the  era  of  prosperity  which  began  in 
1880.  There  are  good  reasons  also  for  believing  that  the  special  diffi¬ 
culties  under  which  the  northwest  has  been  laboring  for  some  years 
past  will  henceforth  rapidly  disappear.  The  fierce  competition  in 
wheat  culture  with  which  the  northwest  has  been  confronted  in  recent 
years  in  consequence  of  the  opening  up  of  new  wheat  areas  in  India, 
Russia  and  Argentine,  has  largely  spent  its  force,  and  a  somewhat  higher 
level  of  wheat  prices  may  reasonably  be  expected  from  now  on. 

4  Another  force  operating  in  the  same  direction  is  the  rapid  exhaus¬ 
tion  of  our  arable  public  domain.  When  we  cease  to  throw  a  new  Red 
River  Valley  on  the  market  every  few  years — and  Red  River  Valleys  are 
getting  scarce,  as  the  land  hunters  are  painfully  aware — demand  for 
the  products  of  the  farm  will  soon  overtake  the  supply,  the  price  of 
farm  products,  and,  consequently,  of  farm  lands,  will  rapidly  appreciate, 
and  the  farmer’s  occupation  will  gain  in  remunerativeness,  ease  and 
dignity. 

Diversified  farming  will  promote  the  same  end.  Ex-Governor  Sher¬ 
man  said  a  few  years  ago  that  the  good  old  cow  had  lifted  more  mort¬ 
gages  in  Iowa  than  all  the  other  products  of  the  farm  combined.  Gov- 

21 


ernor  Sherman’s  good  old  cow  is  coming  north.  She  has  already- 
reached  southern  Minnesota,  and  will  soon  be  in  northern  Minnesota 
and  the  Dakotas.  When  she  reaches  here,  her  reign  will  be  as  benefi¬ 
cent  as  it  has  been  in  Iowa  and  elsewhere.  Following  in  her  train 
will  come  rotation  of  crops  and  the  intensive  cultivation  which  every¬ 
where  marks  a  highly  developed  agiiculture.  Anything  under  forty 
bushels  of  wheat  to  the  acre  will,  before  many  years,  mean  a  partial 
crop  failure  in  the  Red  River  Valley,  as  it  already  does  in  England  and 
western  Europe  generally. 

I  have  thus  far  written  mainly  for  the  young  man  on  the  farm,  on 
the  supposition  that  most  of  the  young  men  who  will  read  this  article 
have  grown  up  on  the  farm  and  are  looking  to  farming  as  their  vocation. 

If  the  northwest  is  the  land  of  opportunity  for  the  young  man  on 
the  farm,  it  is,  I  believe,  equally  so  for  the  young  man  in  the  store  and 
in  the  professions.  Everywhere  and  always  a  prosperous  agriculture 
means  prosperous  merchandising.  When  the  former  languishes,  theA 
latter  is  sure  to  languish  with  it.  The  inference  is  obvious. 

According  to  the  census  of  1890,  there  are  in  the  country  at  large, 
one  physician  to  each  600,  and  one  lawyer  to  each  700,  of  the  popula¬ 
tion.  In  North  Dakota — and  the  ratio  will  hold  good  substantially  for 
South  Dakota  and  Minnesota — there  is  one  physician  for  each  1,200, 
and  one  practising  lawyer  for  each  1,500  (approximately)  of  the  popula¬ 
tion.  In  the  older  states  the  universal  complaint  comes  from  the 
young  professional  men  that  the  old  lawyer  and  the  old  doctor  are 
doing  all  the  business.  In  the  northwest  there  is  not  the  same  preju¬ 
dice  against  the  young  professional  man;  or,  perhaps,  more  correctly, 
not  the  same  prestige  attaches  to  mere  age  as  in  the  East.  Indeed,  the 
thoroughly  equipped  young  lawyer  and  physician  are  already  displac¬ 
ing  the  old  practitioners  who  drifted  in  with  the  prairie  schooners  in 
the  early  days,  when  every  man  who  possessed  a  copy  of  Blackstone, 
and  “Every  man  his  own  lawyer,”  could  set  up  as  an  attorney,  and  a 
very  ordinary  acquaintance  with  the  pharmacopoeias  of  commerce  con¬ 
stituted  an  ample  equipment  for  the  country  doctor. 

The  need  of  the  most  thorough  preparation  and  the  most  unremit¬ 
ting  devotion  to  his  chosen  calling  cannot  be  too  strongly  impressed 
upon  the  young  man  entering  upon  active  life  in  the  northwest  or  else¬ 
where  today.  The  day  when  anybody,  regardless  of  his  equipment, 
can  succeed  on  the  farm  or  in  the  professions,  has  forever  passed.  / 

A  word  in  closing,  as  to  the  qualities  which  command  success  in 
our  time.  Careful  observation  of  the  subsequent  careers  of  my  early 
schoolmates,  my  later  college-mates,  and  the  thousand  or  more  youpg 
men  who  passed  under  my  instruction  at  Yale  college — many  of  whom 
have  already  made  names  for  themselves  in  various  callings — has  led 
to  the  belief  that  the  following,  in  about  the  order  given,  are  the  quali¬ 
ties  that  make  for  success  in  life — at  least,  fair  ability  always  being  taken 
for  granted:  Sterling  character,  vigorous  health,  a  capacity  for  per¬ 
sistent  and  systematic  hard  work,  and  agreeable  manners.  The  world 
simply  will  not  bother  with  a  slippery  man,  no  matter  what  other  quali- 


22 


ties  he  may  possess.  Young  men,  as  a  rule,  do  not  appreciate  the  high 
commercial  value  placed  upon  character  by  modern  society,  else  they 
would  spend  laborious  days  and  studious  nights  in  its  acquisition. 
Character  cannot  be  bought,  nor  inherited,  nor  won  by  a  dash.  It 
must  be  built  up  by  infinitesimal  accretions,  like  a  coral  reef;  and  I 
know  of  no  better  method  of  character-building  for  a  young  man  than  to 
put  the  very  best  there  is  in  him  into  the  performance  of  even  the 
commonest  and  homeliest  duties  of  every-day  life.  Next  to  high  char¬ 
acter  I  place  good  health — without  which  there  cannot  be  any  large 
measure  either  of  happiness  or  usefulness,  nor,  of  course,  of  success. 

Dr.  Johnson  defined  genius  as  an  infinite  capacity  for  taking  pains, 
and  I  have  never  known  any  success  worthy  of  the  name  to  be  won  by 
a  charge.  When  I  was  in  college  “a  dig”  was  a  term  of  opprobrium; 
but  the  conspicuous  successes  among  my  college  mates  have  been  won 
by  men  who  have  been  “digs”  in  their  profession  if  they  were  not  in 
College. 

Last  come  good  manners;  and  I  am  increasingly  convinced  that,  in 
most  occupations,  agreeable  manners  have  more  to  do  with  success 
than  most  people  suppose.  Cut  deep  in  the  keystone  over  the  entrance 
*gate  at  Winchester  school,  in  England,  are  the  words,  “Manners  Maketh 
Man.”  Certain  it  is  that  we  all  like  to  have  agreeable  folks  about  us. 
Society  will  tolerate  a  dissipated  man,  and  even  a  man  of  questionable 
honesty,  but  it  will  not  tolerate  a  boor. 

Webster  Merrifield,  president  of  the  University  of  North  Dakota, 
at  Grand  Forks,  has  been  at  the  head  of  that  institution  since  1891.  His 
connection  with  the  university  began,  however,  in  1884,  when  he 
resigned  an  instructorship  in  Yale  college  to  accept  the  professorship 
of  Greek  and  Latin  in  the  North  Dakota  university.  President  Merri¬ 
field  is  a  native  of  Vermont.  He  received  his  early  training  in  the  com¬ 
mon  schools,  at  Cushman  academy,  Bernardston,  Mass.;  at  Wesleyan 
academy,  Wilbraham,  Mass.,  and  at  Yale  college,  graduating  from  the 
latter  university  in  the  class  of  77.  After  two  years  spent  in  teaching, 
he  removed,  in  1879,  to  Dakota  and  located  at  Grand  Forks,  but,  as 
indicated  above,  was  recalled  toJdie  east  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year 
to  a  position  in  the  faculty  of  Yale  college.  President  Merrifield  is 
recognized  as  one  of  the  leaders  in  educational  work  in  the  northwest, 
aijd  from  his  experience  and  natural  instincts  is  peculiarly  qualified  to 
speak  to  the  young  men  of  this  section  with  regard  to  the  opportunities 
that  lie  before  them.  It  should  be  said  that  the  article  produced  above 
was  prepared  several  months  ago,  but  is  on  that  account  none  the  less 
tinjely. 


23 


rs 


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